The fossilized remains of seven species of crocodile relatives were found along the banks of the Amazon River in Peru. These prehistoric reptiles lived in South America at a time when the Amazon River basin contained swamps, rivers and lakes, as well as a multitude of clams. But when tectonic forces created the Amazon River, the swamps and the clams largely disappeared. It's possible that, in turn, these crocodile relatives changed their diets and body shapes, the researchers of a new study say. [Read the full story on the prehistoric crocodile relatives]
Shovel mouth
A model of the 13-million-year-old Gnatusuchus pebasensis, a crocodylian with a short face and rounded teeth that may have shoveled through the mud at the bottom of lakes and swamps to find prey, such as clams and other mollusks. A crocodylian is an order that includes crocodiles, alligators, caimans and gharials. (Image credit: Model by Kevin Montalbán-Rivera. © Aldo Benites-Palomino)
Wetland snacks
This illustration shows the massive wetlands that once covered the Amazon River basin about 13 million years ago during the late middle Miocene. Three newly discovered species of crocodylians, including Kuttanacaiman iquitosensis (left), Caiman wannlangstoni (right) and Gnatusuchus pebasensis (bottom), look for clams, which they could likely scoop up with their mouths and crunch with their peglike teeth. (Image credit: © Javier Herbozo)
Croc fossils
Excavated fossils from Peru show that seven species of crocodylian lived together in the same place at relatively the same time. The skulls and jaws, shown above, are extremely diverse, the researchers said. They include (1) Gnatusuchus pebasensis, (2) Kuttanacaiman iquitosensis, (3) Caiman wannlangstoni, (4) Purussaurus neivensis, (5) Mourasuchus atopus, (6) Pebas Paleosuchus, and (7) Pebas gavialoid. (Image credit: Reconstructions by Javier Herbozo. © Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi)
Dry season
For more than a decade, researchers have traveled to Peru during the Amazon's dry season in July and August. Here, they scale an embankment for fossils when the Amazon River was at low levels. (Image credit: © Anjali Goswami)
Rock of ages
Researchers found all seven of the crocodylians in the same layer and the same place, which measured only about 215 square feet (20 square meters).
"It's a very small area full of bones," said the study's lead author, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, a graduate student at the University of Montpellier, in France, and chief of the paleontology department at the National University of San Marcos' Museum of Natural History in Lima, Peru. (Image credit: © Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi)
Ancient skull
One of the newly discovered species (Gnatusuchus pebasensis) is shown here in the earth before the researchers excavated it. Today's crocodylians have longer snouts and sharper teeth, which help them to catch fish and other aquatic animals, unlike this distant relative, which likely used its peglike teeth to crush clams. (© Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi)
Museum collection
All of the fossils found during the study are being stored at the Museum of Natural History in Peru.
"This kind of research promotes paleontology in Peru," Salas-Gismondi told Live Science. (Image credit: © Bruce Shockey)
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