A hoard of 1,368 coins, most of them silver, has been discovered in a pot by a metal detectorist in Worcestershire, a county in England.
The hoard was buried around A.D. 55, a time when the Roman Empire, led by emperor Nero (reign circa A.D. 54 to 68), was struggling to take control of England. His predecessor Claudius (reign A.D. 41 to 54) had invaded Britain and gained control of large amounts of England, but resistance continued into Nero's reign. In A.D. 60, a rebellion launched by Boudica, the queen of a British tribe known as the Iceni, nearly succeeded in driving the Romans from the island before the empire put the rebellion down.
Although Nero's forces managed to squash the Iceni rebellion, his reign is often considered a tumultuous one. He had both his mother and wife killed during his rule. A great fire ravaged Rome in A.D. 64 and, according to an apocryphal story, Nero played a fiddle during it. In A.D. 68, the Praetorian guard, the forces in charge of protecting the emperor, removed Nero as ruler and soon after he died by suicide.
While the coins were buried during Nero's reign, some of them were minted earlier. All but one of the coins in the hoard are silver denarii, a standard Roman coin, that were minted between 157 B.C. and A.D. 55, according to a statement from Museums Worcestershire. The one gold coin in the hoard was minted between A.D. 20 and 45 for a tribe called the Dobunni who were based in Worcestershire and nearby areas, the statement reported.
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"The coins almost certainly entered the region by means of the Roman army," the statement noted. "Their sheer number means that the hoard would have represented a very considerable sum of cash at the time it was buried."
It's unknown why the hoard was hidden, but "one theory is that the hoard represents the savings of a wealthy local farmer, who made his money by supplying the Roman army with grain and livestock," the museum said.
At the time the hoard was buried, Worcestershire was located on the frontier of the Roman Empire, according to the statement. This raises a question of whether battles or conflicts in the area might have prompted its owner to hide it.
The hoard was found in late 2023 and analyzed in greater detail in 2024, when it was declared "treasure," a government designation given to artifacts made of precious metal that are at least 300 years old. It has been valued at £100,000 ($123,100). The museum is trying to raise money to acquire the hoard.
"The fundraising campaign is doing really well, people are being incredibly generous and it's clear to see that there's real passion for the Hoard to stay in Worcestershire," Helen Large, a spokesperson for Museums Worcestershire, told Live Science in an email.
