Bruce Morley has a PhD and Masters degree from the Department of Economics at Loughborough University. Bruce has a general interest in sport, which has led to doing some research into the economics of cricket, such as the effect of winning the toss. He also has an interest in development economics, especially the role of trade on economic growth in LDCs. Otherwise his research interests are in international macroeconomics, particularly models of exchange rate determination. In addition, he is also interested in the economics of the EU, especially the effects of monetary union. He has also researched and published articles into the economics of the energy markets and how they are affected by environmental policies and the wider macroeconomy.