Tom Metcalfe
Tom Metcalfe is a freelance journalist and regular Live Science contributor who is based in London in the United Kingdom. Tom writes mainly about science, space, archaeology, the Earth and the oceans. He has also written for the BBC, NBC News, National Geographic, Scientific American, Air & Space, and many others.
Latest articles by Tom Metcalfe

Ritually bent Bronze Age sword unearthed in Danish bog is 'very rare find'
By Tom Metcalfe published
The sword, which has iron rivets in its handle, may be one of the earliest iron artifacts found in Denmark.

New study reveals how ancient 'sky disc' was made, squashing claims it was a forgery
By Tom Metcalfe published
The research details the elaborate process used to manufacture the Nebra Sky Disc during the Bronze Age.

Early Americans ate tons of mammoth, 13,000-year-old bones from Clovis culture baby reveal
By Tom Metcalfe published
Radioisotopes in the bones of an 18-month-old boy who lived almost 13,000 years ago indicate that his mother ate mostly mammoths.

5,000-year-old artifacts in Iraq hint at mysterious collapse of one of the world's 1st governments
By Tom Metcalfe published
Newly analyzed 5,000-year-old clay bowls unearthed in Iraq may be evidence of early government-like rule, a new study finds.

1,600-year-old burials in Crimea hold gold and silver jewelry from 'rich women'
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers say the finds are from aristocratic burials between the fourth and sixth centuries.

'It is a treasure': Wreck off Kenyan coast may be from Vasco da Gama's final voyage
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers think the wreck was part of a flotilla that accompanied the Portuguese explorer's final voyage.

2 Stone Age circles discovered on English moorland may have been part of a 'sacred arc'
By Tom Metcalfe published
Two previously unknown Neolithic stone circles have been found in England, and they may have been part of a "sacred arc," an archaeologist says.

Scientists glean new details of mysterious, centuries-old shipwreck submerged in Norway's largest lake
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers now think the boat was a local "føringsbåt" for passengers and cargo.

Book of Kells: A 1,200-year-old manuscript made by monks escaping the Vikings
By Tom Metcalfe published
The Book of Kells is considered one of the finest surviving medieval manuscripts.

'Medieval' King Arthur site is 4,000 years older than we thought
By Tom Metcalfe published
The discovery suggests the mysterious "King Arthur's Hall" in England is older than Stonehenge.

Oracle bones: 3,250-year-old engraved bones and tortoise shells from ancient China were used to foretell the future
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists say the "oracle bones" from ancient China were used in magical attempts to predict the future.

'A flash of copper caught our attention': 4,000-year-old dagger discovered deep in Italian cave
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists say the finds will help them better understand the prehistoric people who lived or buried their dead in this Italian cave.

Origins of world's earliest writing point to symbols on 'seals' used in Mesopotamian trade
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers investigating how the first writing arose identified the motifs on preliterate "cylinder seals" used in the trade of agricultural products and textiles.

The 3,300-year-old ancient Egyptian statue of Ramesses II said to have inspired Percy Shelley's 'Ozymandias'
By Tom Metcalfe published
This statue of an Egyptian pharaoh is said to have inspired the English poet Shelley to write his famous poem "Ozymandias."

7 centuries-old suits of battle armor from around the world
By Tom Metcalfe published
From Roman "fish scale" armor to Japanese samurai suits, these examples of battle armor were designed to protect and impress.

Pazyryk Swan: A 2,400-year-old plush swan from Siberia tied to the 'creation of the universe'
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists think the felt figurine was used as a symbol of life by the Iron Age people of the region.

DNA analysis of medieval man thrown into a well suggests story in Norse saga really happened
By Tom Metcalfe published
A new analysis indicates the human remains found in a well in Norway are from a 1197 raid described in a royal history.

Mask of Agamemnon: A gold death mask once thought to be evidence of the Trojan War
By Tom Metcalfe published
The archaeologist who discovered the mask believed it showed the Trojan War was real.

WWII British sub that sank with 64 on board finally found off Greek Island
By Tom Metcalfe published
The discovery of the WWII wreck solves an 81-year-old mystery about the submarine's fate.

Phaistos Disk: 3,000-year-old inscriptions from Crete that have never been deciphered
By Tom Metcalfe published
None of the many interpretations of the Phaistos Disk's inscriptions are universally accepted.

Basement renovation in home near Paris unearths cemetery spanning 700 years, with Roman-era graves
By Tom Metcalfe published
A homeowner doing a basement renovation project near Paris unexpectedly found a skeleton, which later led to the discovery of nearly 40 burials, some of them dating to Roman times.

Nabta Playa: A mysterious stone circle that may be the world's oldest astronomical observatory
By Tom Metcalfe published
Nabta Playa in Egypt is an ancient stone circle that researchers suspect was used to determine the summer solstice, which signaled rain was on the way.

'Ghost Ship of the Pacific,' which fought on both sides in WWII, discovered near San Francisco
By Tom Metcalfe published
The newfound wreck could help maritime archaeologists better understand how 20th-century warships were designed.
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