Tom Metcalfe
Tom Metcalfe is a freelance journalist and regular Live Science contributor who is based in London in the United Kingdom. Tom writes mainly about science, space, archaeology, the Earth and the oceans. He has also written for the BBC, NBC News, National Geographic, Scientific American, Air & Space, and many others.
Latest articles by Tom Metcalfe

11,000-year-old submerged stone wall discovered off Germany was once used to trap reindeer
By Tom Metcalfe published
The wall may be among the oldest hunting structures on Earth and one of the largest Stone Age structures ever found in Europe.

Undeciphered script from Easter Island may predate European colonization
By Tom Metcalfe published
A wooden tablet inscribed with the undeciphered rongorongo script from Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island) dates to the 15th century, long before Europeans arrived. This early date suggests that the Rapa Nui people invented their own script without European influence.

13 of the world's oldest artworks, some crafted by extinct human relatives
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeological evidence suggests that symbolism in art, once seen as something that only modern humans were capable of, was produced by earlier hominins.

Did art exist before modern humans? New discoveries raise big questions.
By Tom Metcalfe published
Scientists are finding ever-earlier examples of artistic expression in the archaeological record that reshape what we know about the cognitive abilities of our archaic human relatives, such as Neanderthals.

1st-century villa discovered near Mount Vesuvius may be where Pliny the Elder watched catastrophic eruption
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists think the luxurious villa was where Pliny the Elder first witnessed the massive volcanic eruption that would later claim his life.

1 of Sweden's oldest stone tombs is mysteriously missing skulls
By Tom Metcalfe published
A 5,500-year-old Neolithic tomb in Sweden contains the remains of at least 12 people, but many of their skulls and long bones are missing.

Denmark's oldest runes inscribed on ancient knife
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers say the runic letters may spell "little sword," which could have been the name of the knife's owner or the knife itself.

Remains of 4,000-year-old 'lost' tomb discovered in Ireland
By Tom Metcalfe published
The tomb was said to have been demolished in the 19th century, but a new search has found its location.

Roman dodecahedron uncovered by amateur archaeologists in the UK
By Tom Metcalfe published
More than 100 dodecahedrons have now been found in northwestern Europe, but archaeologists still don't know what they were used for.

'Extremely rare' 2,500-year-old broken silver coin unearthed near Jerusalem
By Tom Metcalfe published
The find is rare evidence that such early coins were being used for commerce in the region.

Part of Hadrian's 1,800-year-old aqueduct and rare Greek coins unearthed near Corinth
By Tom Metcalfe published
The enormous aqueduct was built in the second century to carry water to the city of Corinth from a lake 50 miles away.

Are 3,000-year-old carvings from Italy a star map? Researchers can't agree.
By Tom Metcalfe published
A new study suggests the disk was made to accurately represent the brightest stars at least 2,400 years ago, possibly as an aid for planting crops. But other experts are not convinced.

Medieval grave of 'very, very powerful' man and his 4-foot-long sword unearthed in Sweden
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists think the man buried in the grave may have been a wealthy supporter of the Kalmar Union in which a single monarch united the kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden and Norway.

Medieval belt buckle of 'dragon' eating frog discovered in Czech Republic may be from unknown pagan cult
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists in the Czech Republic thought they'd found a unique object, but they have since learned of at least three more.

1,500-year-old gold buckles depicting ruler 'majestically sitting on a throne' discovered in Kazakhstan
By Tom Metcalfe published
The ornaments contain the earliest known depiction of a Göktürk "khagan," who probably lived in the sixth century.

2,000-year-old 'celestial calendar' discovered in ancient Chinese tomb
By Tom Metcalfe published
It's the first time written slips linked to the ancient calendar have been found in a tomb.

2,300-year-old shell mosaic discovered in luxurious home in Rome
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists think the house belonged to a senatorial family during the last years of Rome's Republic.

Ancient Egypt's sacred baboons had tough lives, study suggests
By Tom Metcalfe published
Ancient baboon mummies show signs of poor diet and lack of sunlight during captivity.

Ancient 'curse tablet' may show earliest Hebrew name of God
By Tom Metcalfe last updated
Archaeologists working in the West Bank say they've discovered a tiny lead "curse tablet" that may include the oldest known mention of the Hebrew name of God "Yahweh" ever found.

'Curse tablet' with oldest Hebrew name of god is actually a fishing weight, experts argue
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers say they see no sign of an inscription on a tablet previously thought to contain the Hebrew name for the god Yahweh.

7 extraordinary African kingdoms from ancient times to centuries ago
By Tom Metcalfe published
There's much more to ancient Africa than Egypt.

2,000-year-old coin stash discovered at ancient Buddhist shrine in Pakistan
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers think the coins are from a Buddhist shrine established amid much older ruins.

Chiseled obsidian recovered from Neolithic shipwreck near Capri's 'Blue Grotto'
By Tom Metcalfe published
Divers off the coast of Naples, Italy have recovered a large chunk of chiseled obsidian that likely went down in a Stone Age shipwreck more than 5,000 years ago.
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